Abstract
Zeolite nanocrystals were used as proactive agents to extend the lifetime of commercial lubricants by protecting the performance additives from depletion and adsorbing the acid formed during oxidation. The nanosized zeolites were introduced into four lubricants and subjected to oxidation (90 °C and 150 °C). A strong affinity towards protection of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) additive was demonstrated by 31P NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and FTIR (fourier-transform infrared) spectroscopy even after heating at 150 °C for 24 h. FTIR profiles of lubricants aged in the presence of LTL (Linde Type L zeolite) showed lower oxidation degree while the formed oxidation products (aldehydes, ketones, and acids) were adsorbed on the zeolite crystals acting as scavengers.
Highlights
Lubricants are indispensable in maintaining the good functioning of vehicle engines
FTIR profiles of lubricants aged in the presence of LTL (Linde Type L zeolite) showed lower oxidation degree while the formed oxidation products were adsorbed on the zeolite crystals acting as scavengers
Commercial lubricants are available with special formulations; the base oil which constitutes more than 90% of the mixture is mainly responsible for lubricating the metallic parts
Summary
Lubricants are indispensable in maintaining the good functioning of vehicle engines. In addition to reducing friction and wear within the metallic parts, lubricants carry out a range of other complimentary tasks including: corrosion prevention, providing a liquid seal at moving contacts, and removal of wear and soot particles [1]. The environmental impact resulting from their production, use, recycling, and disposal is high Their replacement by the more environmentally friendly vegetable oils could have been considered as an option despite of their low thermal stability and easy oxidation at elevated temperatures [1,2]. Another alternative solution is the use of synthetic lubricants that ensure a higher thermal stability, longer lifetime, and modifiable chemical and physical properties to meet the requirements. Its preservation, maintaining its function, and introducing other complimentary tasks is governed by the performance additives [1,3]
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