Abstract
Xylanase improves poultry nutrition by degrading xylan in the cell walls of feed grains and release the entrapped nutrients. However, the application of xylanase as a feed supplement is restricted to its low stability in the environment and gastrointestinal (GI) tract of poultry. To overcome these obstacles, Zeozyme NPs as a smart pH-responsive nanosystem was designed based on xylanase immobilization on zeolitic nanoporous as the major cornerstone that was modified with L-lysine. The immobilized xylanase was followed by encapsulating with a cross-linked CMC-based polymer. Zeozyme NPs was structurally characterized using TEM, SEM, AFM, DLS, TGA and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms at liquid nitrogen temperature. The stability of Zeozyme NPs was evaluated at different temperatures, pH, and in the presence of proteases. Additionally, the release pattern of xylanase was investigated at a digestion model mimicking the GI tract. Xylanase was released selectively at the duodenum and ileum (pH 6–7.1) and remarkably preserved at pH ≤ 6 including proventriculus, gizzard, and crop (pH 1.6–5). The results confirmed that the zeolite equipped with the CMC matrix could enhance the xylanase thermal and pH stability and preserve its activity in the presence of proteases. Moreover, Zeozyme NPs exhibited a smart pH-dependent release of xylanase in an in vitro simulated GI tract.
Highlights
Xylanase improves poultry nutrition by degrading xylan in the cell walls of feed grains and release the entrapped nutrients
Exogenous xylanase is an example of an enzyme supplement to improve nutritional factors by efficiently decomposing the non-starch polysaccharides (NSP)[2], xylans found in the cell walls of cereals
We aimed to introduce the biocompatible Zeozyme NPs programmed for the smart pH-responsive release of xylanase due to the pH changes in GI microenvironment, as a potential feed supplement
Summary
Xylanase improves poultry nutrition by degrading xylan in the cell walls of feed grains and release the entrapped nutrients. The application of xylanase as a feed supplement is restricted to its low stability in the environment and gastrointestinal (GI) tract of poultry. To overcome these obstacles, Zeozyme NPs as a smart pH-responsive nanosystem was designed based on xylanase immobilization on zeolitic nanoporous as the major cornerstone that was modified with L-lysine. Xylanases help relieves certain gastrointestinal problems such as decreased villus height, raised levels of pathogenic bacteria in the intestine, unnecessary mucin excretion[4], and chronic inflammation[5] They improve poultry immunity[6] and minimize the harmful effects of Salmonella Typhimurium infection[7] or Clostridium perfringens[8]. A convenient poultry feed xylanase must tolerate the physiological barriers imposed by pH, digesta retention time, and internal enzymes within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract
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