Abstract
Zein nanoparticles (ZNPs) were synthesized with a cationic surfactant, didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (122.9 ± 0.8 nm, + 59.7 ± 4.4 mV) and a non-ionic surfactant, Tween 80 (118.7 ± 1.7 nm, + 26.4 ± 1.1 mV). Lignin-graft-poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles (LNPs) were made without surfactants (52.9 ± 0.2 nm, − 54.9 ± 0.5 mV). Both samples were applied as antifungal seed treatments on soybeans, and their impact on germination and plant health was assessed. Treated seeds showed high germination rates (> 90% for all treatment groups), similar to the control group (100%). Root and stem lengths and the dry biomass of treated seeds were not statistically distinguishable from the control. Foliage from seed-treated plants was fed to larvae of Chrysodeixis includens with no differences in mortality between treatments. No translocation of fluorescently tagged particles was observed with fluorescence microscopy following seed treatment and germination. Nano-delivered azoxystrobin provided ~ 100% protection when LNPs were used. Results suggest ZNPs and LNPs are safe and effective delivery systems of active compounds for seed treatments.
Highlights
Polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) are proposed as suitable delivery systems in a multitude of agricultural applications (Nuruzzaman et al 2016; Pascoli et al 2018), such as for the delivery of herbicides (Tong et al 2017), insecticides (Gabriel Paulraj et al 2017; Lichtenberg et al 2020), fungicides (Kumar et al 2017; Yang et al 2014), and plant growth regulators (Pereira et al 2017)
FZNP-D fluorescently tagged Zein nanoparticles (ZNPs) synthesized with didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DMAB), ZNPD ZNPs synthesized with DMAB, ZNP-DA ZNPs synthesized with DMAB and entrapped azoxystrobin, FZNP-T fluorescently tagged ZNPs synthesized with Tween 80, ZNPs made with Tween 80 (ZNP-T) ZNPs synthesized with Tween 80, ZNP-TA ZNPs synthesized with Tween 80 and entrapped azoxystrobin, Fluorescent LNPs (FLNPs) fluorescently tagged lignin-poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles, LNP lignin-PLGA nanoparticles, LNP-A lignin-PLGA nanoparticles with entrapped azoxystrobin
Zein nanoparticles made with DMAB (ZNP-D) presented similar hydrodynamic diameters as ZNPs made with Tween 80 (ZNP-T) and fluorescently tagged ZNPs (FZNP)
Summary
Polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) are proposed as suitable delivery systems in a multitude of agricultural applications (Nuruzzaman et al 2016; Pascoli et al 2018), such as for the delivery of herbicides (Tong et al 2017), insecticides (Gabriel Paulraj et al 2017; Lichtenberg et al 2020), fungicides (Kumar et al 2017; Yang et al 2014), and plant growth regulators (Pereira et al 2017). Research focusing on the foliar applications of pesticide entrapped nanoparticles is often conducted as these plant tissues are frequently exposed to pests and environmental conditions. Takeshita et al found that when performing a foliar application of
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