Abstract
Regenerative medicine is a multidisciplinary field that aims to determine different factors and develop various methods to regenerate impaired tissues, organs, and cells in the disease and impairment conditions. When treatment procedures are specified according to the individual's information, the leading role of personalized regenerative medicine will be revealed in developing more effective therapies. In this concept, endocrine disorders can be considered as potential candidates for regenerative medicine application. Diabetes mellitus as a worldwide prevalent endocrine disease causes different damages such as blood vessel damages, pancreatic damages, and impaired wound healing. Therefore, a global effort has been devoted to diabetes mellitus investigations. Hereupon, the preclinical study is a fundamental step. Up to now, several species of animals have been modeled to identify the mechanism of multiple diseases. However, more recent researches have been demonstrated that animal models with the ability of tissue regeneration are more suitable choices for regenerative medicine studies in endocrine disorders, typically diabetes mellitus. Accordingly, zebrafish has been introduced as a model that possesses the capacity to regenerate different organs and tissues. Especially, fine regeneration in zebrafish has been broadly investigated in the regenerative medicine field. In addition, zebrafish is a suitable model for studying a variety of different situations. For instance, it has been used for developmental studies because of the special characteristics of its larva. In this review, we discuss the features of zebrafish that make it a desirable animal model, the advantages of zebrafish and recent research that shows zebrafish is a promising animal model for personalized regenerative diseases. Ultimately, we conclude that as a newly introduced model, zebrafish can have a leading role in regeneration studies of endocrine diseases and provide a good perception of underlying mechanisms.
Highlights
Through the past few decades, the incidence of different diseases presents an alarming increase rate and in most cases, it is due to the increasing sedentary lifestyle in industrialized countries
The selected model should possess the ability of regeneration in a distinct part of the body according to the study goal
Given its inevitable limitations, zebrafish with the potency for pancreas regeneration represents an efficient regeneration in β-cells that makes a suitable model for targeting signaling pathways to study the regeneration of β-cells through different stimulations
Summary
Through the past few decades, the incidence of different diseases presents an alarming increase rate and in most cases, it is due to the increasing sedentary lifestyle in industrialized countries. Zebrafish has regeneration capability in its organs such as fins, central nervous system (CNS), heart, pancreas, liver, and kidney Regarding this given capacity, it is used for different models of injury for example in cardiovascular, neurological, and metabolic diseases [9, 10]. Empowered by the knowledge and techniques of several different disciplines, regenerative medicine is an emerging field of research and clinical application that can be defined as any procedure aiming to restore the function of lost tissue (due to damage caused by trauma, disease, aging, or congenital defects) through regenerating or replacing cells by means of stem cell therapy, molecular activators, tissue engineering, etc. There are numerous examples of successful stem cell clinical application in regenerative medicine (Table 1), the most known include: bone marrow transplantation to treat leukemia
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