Zebrafish Embryonic Exposure to BPAP and Its Relatively Weak Thyroid Hormone-Disrupting Effects.

Sangwoo Lee,Kojo Eghan,Seokjoo Yoon,Donggon Yoo,Woo-Keun Kim,Jieon Lee

doi:10.3390/toxics8040103

Sangwoo Lee, Kojo Eghan + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics8040103

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Abstract

Safe endocrine-disrupting alternatives for bisphenol A (BPA) are needed because its adverse health effects have become a public concern. Some bisphenol analogues (bisphenol F and S) have been applied, but their endocrine-disrupting potential is either not negligible or weaker than that of BPA. However, the endocrine-disrupting potential of bisphenol AP (BPAP), another BPA alternative, has not yet been fully assessed. Hence, we evaluated the thyroid hormone (TH)-disrupting potency of BPAP because THs are essential endocrine hormones. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to BPAP (0, 18.2, 43.4, or 105.9 μg/L) for 120 h, and TH levels, the transcription of 16 TH-related genes, the transcriptome, development, and behavior were evaluated. In our study, a decrease in T4 level was observed only at the maximum nonlethal concentration, but significant changes in the T3 and TSHβ levels were not detected. BPAP did not cause significant changes in transcription and gene ontology enrichment related to the TH system. Developmental and behavioral changes were not observed. Despite T4 level reduction, other markers were not significantly affected by BPAP. These might indicate that BPAP has weak or negligible potency regarding TH disruption as a BPA alternative. This study might provide novel information on the TH-disrupting potential of BPAP.

Highlights

The endocrine-disrupting effects of bisphenol A (BPA) and its major alternatives, such as bisphenolF (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS), have recently been reported [1,2,3]
BPA, BPF, and BPS increased the level of T3 or T4 and changed related gene transcriptions in the zebrafish embryo/larvae model [3]
The physiological effects of bisphenol AP (BPAP) on the thyroid hormone (TH) system observed in our study were not substantial, a significant reduction in T4 level (1.5-fold) was detected in zebrafish larvae exposed to the a significant reduction in T4 level (1.5-fold) was detected in zebrafish larvae exposed to the maximum concentration (105.9 μg/L) of BPAP

Summary

Introduction

The endocrine-disrupting effects of bisphenol A (BPA) and its major alternatives, such as bisphenol. F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS), have recently been reported [1,2,3]. BPA and other bisphenols, such as bisphenol AF (BPAF), BPF, and BPS, caused the disruption of the TH regulation system [1,2,3,4,5]. BPA, BPF, and BPS increased the level of T3 or T4 and changed related gene transcriptions in the zebrafish embryo/larvae model [3]. BPA, BPF, and BPS induced the proliferation of TH-dependent rat pituitary cells (GH3) and biphasic responses of gene transcription in Pelophylax nigromaculatus tadpoles [2].

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