Abstract
The zebrafish embryo test has been discussed as an alternative test system to provide data on acute fish toxicity required by diverse regulations. A meta-analysis of zebrafish embryo acute toxicity (ZFET) data has revealed conflicting evidence that narcotic compounds (i.e. compounds with baseline toxicity) may exhibit weaker sensitivity in the ZFET if compared to the acute (adult) fish toxicity test (AFT). Therefore, six compounds with presumably narcotic or unknown mode of action, and for which a previous meta-analysis has indicated weaker sensitivity were experimentally analysed for their fish embryo acute toxicity and exposure concentrations were monitored. The data indicated that ZFET and AFT for the selected compounds revealed similar sensitivity and differences were in the range of species differences of the AFT.
Highlights
IntroductionThe estimation of acute fish toxicity is required worldwide by diverse regulations for the hazard and risk assessment of chemicals, pesticides, biocides, (veterinary) drugs, and feed additives (reviewed in Scholz et al, 2013)
The estimation of acute fish toxicity is required worldwide by diverse regulations for the hazard and risk assessment of chemicals, pesticides, biocides, drugs, and feed additives
Various meta- and experimental analyses have revealed a high correlation of zebrafish acute embryo toxicity (ZFET) with acute fish toxicity (AFT) with on average similar sensitivity (Lammer et al, 2009a; Busquet et al, 2014; Belanger et al, 2013)
Summary
The estimation of acute fish toxicity is required worldwide by diverse regulations for the hazard and risk assessment of chemicals, pesticides, biocides, (veterinary) drugs, and feed additives (reviewed in Scholz et al, 2013). We hypothesized that part of the discrepancy may be due to experimental limitations, since ZFET data included in the meta-analysis were often derived from studies of small scale high-throughput testing that lacked verification of exposure concentrations. We selected six compounds for which a weak toxicity in the ZFET had been previously reported for experimental verification by conducting a ZFET according to OECD TG 236 (OECD, 2013) including chemical analysis of exposure solutions. Measured concentrations are not available for most of the fish embryo and many acute fish tests conducted to date, which may account for some of the observed discrepancies between AFT and ZFET data (Sobanska et al, 2018). The nominal concentrations were used to derive the LC50 concentrations and it is likely that effect concentrations are overestimated for this compound
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