Abstract
Most neurodegenerative diseases are currently incurable, with large social and economic impacts. Recently, there has been renewed interest in investigating natural products in the modern drug discovery paradigm as novel, bioactive small molecules. Moreover, the discovery of potential therapies for neurological disorders is challenging and involves developing optimized animal models for drug screening. In contemporary biomedicine, the growing need to develop experimental models to obtain a detailed understanding of malady conditions and to portray pioneering treatments has resulted in the application of zebrafish to close the gap between in vitro and in vivo assays. Zebrafish in pharmacogenetics and neuropharmacology are rapidly becoming a widely used organism. Brain function, dysfunction, genetic, and pharmacological modulation considerations are enhanced by both larval and adult zebrafish. Bioassay-guided identification of natural products using zebrafish presents as an attractive strategy for generating new lead compounds. Here, we see evidence that the zebrafish’s central nervous system is suitable for modeling human neurological disease and we review and evaluate natural product research using zebrafish as a vertebrate model platform to systematically identify bioactive natural products. Finally, we review recently developed zebrafish models of neurological disorders that have the potential to be applied in this field of research.
Highlights
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases and disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), schizophrenia (SCZ), Huntington’s disease (HD), and Parkinson’s disease (PD) [1,2,3], signify a global burden on society in terms of disability, economic loss, and human suffering
This review focuses on neurological disorders with an emphasis on neurodegenerative diseases, use of zebrafish for bioassay-guided isolation of neuroactive small molecule from Natural products (NPs), and new methods to develop zebrafish neurodegenerative models that have the potential for expansion into NP drug discovery applications
Neurodegenerative diseases lead to a rapid loss of brain processes such as cognitive and/or motor neuron function, and are a major challenge facing aging populations
Summary
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases and disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), schizophrenia (SCZ), Huntington’s disease (HD), and Parkinson’s disease (PD) [1,2,3], signify a global burden on society in terms of disability, economic loss, and human suffering. Depending on the performance of these isolated compounds, the need for only microgram quantities to initiate an initial biological reaction represents another advantage of using zebrafish as a model organism in comparison to other vertebrates (e.g., rodents, where the energy dose requirements are typically one thousand times higher) [17] This latter feature is prime to NP discovery, as many high-resolution HPLC-based separation techniques, micro-fractionation, bring about very limited pattern quantities that could otherwise be inadequate for in vivo activity analysis. This review focuses on neurological disorders with an emphasis on neurodegenerative diseases, use of zebrafish for bioassay-guided isolation of neuroactive small molecule from NPs, and new methods to develop zebrafish neurodegenerative models that have the potential for expansion into NP drug discovery applications
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