Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is used as an embryonic and larval model to perform in vitro experiments and developmental toxicity studies. Zebrafish may be used to determine the toxicity of samples in early screening assays, often in a high-throughput manner. The zebrafish embryotoxicity model is at the leading edge of toxicology research due to the short time required for analyses, transparency of embryos, short life cycle, high fertility, and genetic data similarity. Zebrafish toxicity studies range from assessing the toxicity of bioactive compounds or crude extracts from plants to determining the optimal process. Most of the studied extracts were polar, such as ethanol, methanol, and aqueous solutions, which were used to detect the toxicity and bioactivity. This review examines the latest research using zebrafish as a study model and highlights its power as a tool for detecting toxicity of medicinal plants and its effectiveness at enhancing the understanding of new drug generation. The goal of this review was to develop a link to ethnopharmacological zebrafish studies that can be used by other researchers to conduct future research.
Highlights
Herbal plants have pharmacological and therapeutic characteristics due to the natural chemical compounds they contain [1]
The zebrafish model was used to discover the toxicity of 69 plants in this review, including 88 crude plant extracts, eight polyherbal formulates/commercial products, and two phytocompounds
The data collected in this study suggest that zebrafish embryotoxicity tests are able to evaluate drug toxicity and that the zebrafish model offers a suitable replacement for laboratory animals such as rats, mice, and rabbits
Summary
Herbal plants have pharmacological and therapeutic characteristics due to the natural chemical compounds they contain [1] They are widely utilized every day for culinary purposes and nutritional supplements to promote health [2]. Consumers can be exposed to potential health risks caused by specific components or contaminants of botanical products; their risk needs to be evaluated [4,5]. Plant materials and their extracts contain various toxic substances synthesized by plants as a defense against disease, insects, and other organisms [6]. Botanical toxicity studies are complicated due to expense, time, use of animals, and the complex mix of components [4,7]
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