Abstract
Drug-induced myopathies are classified as acquired myopathies caused by exogenous factors. These pathological conditions develop in patients without muscle disease and are triggered by a variety of medicaments, including lipid-lowering drugs (LLDs) such as statins, fibrates, and ezetimibe. Here we summarise the current knowledge gained via studies conducted using various models, such as cell lines and mammalian models, and compare them with the results obtained in zebrafish (Danio rerio) studies. Zebrafish have proven to be an excellent research tool for studying dyslipidaemias as a model of these pathological conditions. This system enables in-vivo characterization of drug and gene candidates to further the understanding of disease aetiology and develop new therapeutic strategies. Our review also considers important environmental issues arising from the indiscriminate use of LLDs worldwide. The widespread use and importance of drugs such as statins and fibrates justify the need for the meticulous study of their mechanism of action and the side effects they cause.
Highlights
Drug-induced myopathies are classified as acquired myopathies caused by exogenous factors
These kinds of myopathies are manifested by muscle disorders which can be defined by the common term myotoxicity
The term drug-induced myopathy is very broad, covering an extensive spectrum of symptoms ranging from myalgia, myositis to extremely serious symptoms associated with necrosis or rhabdomyolysis
Summary
Drug-induced myopathies are classified as acquired myopathies caused by exogenous factors. Drug-induced myopathies arise as a side effect of drug therapy intended to target a medical condition not directly related to muscle symptoms. These kinds of myopathies are manifested by muscle disorders which can be defined by the common term myotoxicity. Used LLDs, intended to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), have been the most commonly reported drugs to be associated with the adverse effects manifested by myotoxicity [3,7] This manuscript provides a summary of the current understanding of myopathy induced by LLD therapy, as a serious and common side effect of treatments used in hyperlipidaemia. Our review considers important environmental issues arising from the indiscriminate use of these therapeutics and their influence on non-target organisms
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