Zealots in multistate noisy voter models.

Abstract

The noisy voter model is a stylized representation of opinion dynamics. Individuals copy opinions from other individuals, and are subject to spontaneous state changes. In the case of two opinion states this model is known to have a noise-driven transition between a unimodal phase, in which both opinions are present, and a bimodal phase, in which one of the opinions dominates. The presence of zealots can remove the unimodal and bimodal phases in the model with two opinion states. Here we study the effects of zealots in noisy voter models with M>2 opinion states on complete interaction graphs. We find that the phase behavior diversifies, with up to six possible qualitatively different types of stationary states. The presence of zealots removes some of these phases, but not all. We analyze situations in which zealots affect the entire population, or only a fraction of agents, and show that this situation corresponds to a single-community model with a fractional number of zealots, further enriching the phase diagram. Our study is conducted analytically based on effective birth-death dynamics for the number of individuals holding a given opinion. Results are confirmed in numerical simulations.