Abstract
Abstract Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Time-out procedure in reducing behaviours maintained by negative reinforcement. Method At the beginning, a functional analysis was conducted in order to identify functions of the stereotypical behaviour (spitting) performed by a 6-year-old developmentally delayed child. Later on the frequency of the target behaviour was measured before and during applying the Time-out procedure and then again during a temporary withdrawal of the procedure and after reapplying it. Results The number of the target behaviour decreased while the procedure was being applied whereas it increased after its withdrawal. Conclusion A procedure based on negative punishment can be effectively used to reduce behaviours maintained by negative reinforcement. This apparent paradox can be explained by the fact that the Time-out procedure does not allow the subject to escape the situation completely, but only delays it.
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