Zapalenie tętnic Takayasu — obraz kliniczny, diagnostyka i leczenie

Abstract

Systemic vasculitis is a heterogeneous group of diseases of a not fully understood etiology. The common feature is the development of immune-mediated inflammation in the vessel walls, which can lead to the weakening of the wall and formation of aneurysms or occlusion of the lumen, resulting in tissue ischemia. Skin lesions may be present in many conditions of this group. In small and medium vessel vasculitis, the skin may be directly affected by the pathological process. On the other hand, in large vessel vasculitis dermatological symptoms develop secondarily to the involvement of larger vessels. Clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of Takayasu arteritis (TA), classified according to the International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference from 2012 in the group of large vessel vasculitis, are discussed in this article. The aim of the paper is to draw attention to the cutaneous lesions that may raise suspicion of systemic vasculitis. In patients with TA, Raynaud’s phenomenon (especially unilateral), finger necrosis, digital clubbing, erythema nodosum-like lesions or pyoderma gangrenosum-like lesions, erythema induratum, purpuric or necrotic eruptions, livedo reticularis and superficial phlebitis may be observed.