Abstract
Several phenanthrenes (1–5), phenolics (6–8) and steroidal sapogenins (9–11) were isolated for the first time from the aqueous and methanolic extracts of Dioscorea sansibarensis Pax yam collected from Tanzania. Chemical structures of all the isolates (1–11) were determined by using 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectral methods. All pure isolates were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity using in vitro cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX-1 and -2) inhibitory assays. Among the isolates tested, phenanthrenes 3–5 showed the highest COX-1 and -2 enzyme inhibitory activity whereas phenolics (6–8) and steroidal sapogenins (9–11) exhibited moderate inhibition when compared to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen. Compounds 6–11 were evaluated for antioxidant activity using lipid peroxidation inhibitory (LPO) assay for the first time and exhibited moderate LPO inhibition.
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