Zahngesundheit deutscher und türkischer Schüler - Ein 10-Jahresvergleich

Abstract

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess the changes in dental health in 12- and 15-year-old Turkish immigrants and German students who were included in a school-based caries-preventive programme for ten years (1993-2003). In 1993 352 and 402 12- and 15-year-olds and in 2003 352 and 402 12- and 15-year-olds were investigated, respectively. 23.6% of the 12-year-olds and 21.5% of the 15-year-olds were of Turkish origin. The clinical examination was performed with support of artificial light at school. Caries was diagnosed according to the WHO standard using the DMFT Index for permanent dentition. Within the ten-year period the highest increment of caries-free dentitions was found in 12- and 15-year old Germans attending grammar schools with 41,5% and 27% and secondary modern schools with 22,3% and 17%, respectively. The proportion of caries-free Turkish students attending secondary modern schools, only increased imperceptible in both age groups (1.2%). A significant caries decline of 1.5 DMFT was observed in 12-year old Germans at grammar schools, only. In 15-year olds caries declined in German students at secondary modern schools (2.5 DMFT), and at Grammar schools (2.2 DMFT), significantly, however caries experience in Turkish students remained nearly unchanged (0.3 DMFT). A strong polarisation of dental caries was found in 2003. Among the 12-year-olds 23% of those at secondary modern school accumulated 70% of the total caries experience (>3 DMFT) and at grammar school 9% of students accumulated 76% of the whole amount of caries (>1 DMFT). Among the 15-year-olds 73% of the total caries experience (>3 DMFT) was concentrated in 32% of the students at secondary modern schools, while 25% of the students at grammar schools exhibited 84% of the whole amount of caries (>1 DMFT). Intended concepts in caries prevention in the future should aim to improve dental health especially in Turkish students at secondary modern schools while taking social inequality of this risk group into account.