Abstract
We consider a strongly correlated spin model with a positive uniaxial anisotropy. We show that in2+1 dimensions this model is equivalent to spinon and holon excitations coupled to aZ2 Ising gaugefield. The Z2 gauge field represents the vortex monopole excitations of the X–Y model. As a function ofthe hole concentration the X–Y model has two phases: a spin wave phase and afree vortex monopole phase. In the spin wave phase the spinons and the holonsare weakly interacting, giving rise to a spin–charge separated phase which atzero temperature is superconducting. When the hole concentration increases theZ2 excitations (the monopole currents) become free, giving rise to holon–spinon binding. Thedestruction of superconductivity at zero temperature coincides with the appearance of thefree monopole currents.
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