Abstract
We evaluated neuropharmacological properties of Yuk-Mi-Jihwang-Tang (YJT) against scopolamine injection-induced memory impairment mice model. Mice were orally administered with YJT (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) or tacrine (TAC, 12.5 mg/kg) for 10 days. At the first day of Morris water maze task, scopolamine (2 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected before 30 min of it. The hippocampal memory function was determined by the Morris water maze task for 5 days consecutively. Scopolamine drastically increased escape latency and decreased time spent in target quadrant. Pretreatment YJT properly improved them. Regarding the redox status, YJT significantly reduced the oxidative stress and it also exerted much effort to improve both superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in hippocampal gene expression and protein levels. These effects were well coincided with immunohistochemical analysis of 4-hydroxyneal-positive signals in hippocampal areas. Additionally, acetylcholine esterase activities and brain-derived neurotrophic factor abnormalities in the hippocampal protein levels were significantly normalized by YJT, and their related molecules were also improved. The neuronal proliferation in hippocampal regions was markedly inhibited by scopolamine, whereas YJT notably recovered them. Collectively, YJT exerts much effort to enhance memorial functions through improving redox status homeostasis and partially regulates acetylcholine esterase activities as well as neuronal cell proliferation.
Highlights
Based on Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM) clinical practices over a thousand years, there are strong evidences of effects that various herbal medicines have on intractable diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases [1,2,3]
To obtain the chemical composition of the YJT, we subjected it to the HPLC equipment following the same conditions of our previous study [21]
To verify the pharmacological mechanism of YJT properties on the memory function enhancement, we further examined the gene expression analysis of memorial function related molecules including muscarinic Ach receptor 1 (mAchR1), CREB-binding protein (CBP), CREB1, and brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and estimated the neuronal cell proliferation for IHC against Ki67 antibody
Summary
Based on Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM) clinical practices over a thousand years, there are strong evidences of effects that various herbal medicines have on intractable diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases [1,2,3]. Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease have become a critical medical issue in the world recently, aging population [4,5,6]. The pathophysiological features of neurodegenerative diseases are clinically progressed and developed by loss of cognitive abilities, which affects learning and memory dysfunction [8, 9]. Deposition of amyloid plaques, tau protein aggregation, cerebral oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, Herbal name Rehmanniae Radix Preparata Dioscoreae Rhizoma Corni Fructus Moutan Cortex Radicis Alpiniae oxyphyllae Fructus Schizandrae Fructus Total amount.
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