Abstract
Metal oxide nanoparticles demonstrate uniqueness in various technical applications due to their suitable physiochemical properties. In particular, yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanoparticle is familiar for technical applications because of its higher dielectric constant and thermal stability. It is widely used as a host material for a variety of rare-earth dopants, biological imaging, and photodynamic therapies. Y2O3 has also been used as a polarizer, phosphor, laser host material, and in the optoelectronic fields for cancer therapy, biosensor, and bioimaging. Yttrium oxide nanoparticles have attractive antibacterial and antioxidant properties. This review focuses on the promising applications of Y2O3, its drawbacks, and its modifications. The synthetic methods of nanoparticles, such as sol-gel, emulsion, chemical methods, solid-state reactions, combustion, colloid reaction techniques, and hydrothermal processing, are recapitulated. Herein, we also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Y2O3 NPs based biosensors that function through various detection modes including colorimetric, electrochemistry, and chemo luminescent regarding the detection of small organic chemicals, metal ions, and biomarkers.
Highlights
IntroductionY2 O3 doped Eu3 + ions (Y2 O3) is used as a component in uranium-resistant refractory ceramic, liquid reactive molten alloys and salts within the frame of atomic reactors [4,5], and it makes a superb defensive coating, as well as another suitable choice for silicon dioxide in metal-oxide-semiconductor devices
The pH value at the end has a significant effect on the size and morphology of the precursor and the yttria powders; under the same calcination condition, the yttria powders made from the precursor obtained at a pH of 8 are smaller in mean particle size and narrower in size distribution than those made from the precursor obtained at a pH of 10 with the optimum calcination temperature of 1000 ◦ C
Despite the considerable progress made in recent years in the development of rareearth-based nanomaterials for biotechnological applications, which is reflected in a large number of metal-organic frameworks and NPs accessible with many different compositions, morphology, size, properties, and applications, some challenges and improvements have yet to be addressed before these systems can be used clinically
Summary
Y2 O3 is used as a component in uranium-resistant refractory ceramic, liquid reactive molten alloys and salts within the frame of atomic reactors [4,5], and it makes a superb defensive coating, as well as another suitable choice for silicon dioxide in metal-oxide-semiconductor devices It is widely used in the ceramic field as abrasives and seals with high-temperature tolerability. Current investigation shows that Y2 O3 :Er particles and the surface modification of these particles with double layers of PAAc (acrylic acid) as an interfacing agent and acetal-PEG-b-PAMA led to successful NIR imaging nanoparticles Grain size of these particles is found to be 10 nm to 200 nm, which are found to be good for near-infrared excitation. The present review article highlights the methods of Y2 O3 synthesis and mode of action and discusses their biomedical applications in some detail
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