Young Circumstellar Disks near Evolved Massive Stars and Supernovae

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There is increasing evidence that low-mass stars with circumstellar disks can be born close to massive stars, in some cases within tenths of a parsec. If the disks have lifetimes greater than those of the more massive stars, they are exposed to radiation fields and gas flows from the late evolutionary phases and supernovae of the massive stars. The fast flows from supernovae are likely to give some stripping of mass from the disks but do not typically lead to complete disruption of the disks. In the slow wind from a red supergiant star, there is the possibility of gravitational accretion of wind matter onto the circumstellar disk. In the supernova explosion of a red supergiant, the radiative flux at the time of shock breakout can heat and ionize a nearby disk, leading to transient, narrow-line emission. There are consequences for the solar nebula if it was born ~0.2 pc from a massive star that became a red supergiant. Accretion from the wind could supply a substantial amount of 26Al to the disk. The high radiative luminosity of the eventual supernova could lead to the melting of dust grains and the formation of chondrules. The passage of the supernova ejecta could drive a shock wave in the disk, heating it.