Abstract
AbstractOften several other factors potentially contribute to the variability of the observed response in addition to the treatments or factors under investigation. For example, gender, age, and center may also affect the blood pressure of patients in a placebo‐controlled hypertensive clinical trial. The technique of blocking is used to control the experimental error variation due to these types of extraneous sources. Two sources can be controlled using a Youden square or a row–column design, the rows and columns comprising two different systems of blocking. This article provides the details for the least squares analysis of these designs. Designs having variance balance, supplemented balance, row‐orthogonality, adjusted‐orthogonality, designs for factorial experiments, and computer algorithms for constructing designs are also briefly discussed.
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