Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin. EVs can be found in a plethora of body fluids and are known to carry both vesicle as well as parental cell specific proteins. The content of the particles is dependant on the stimulation and/or micro-environment surrounding the donor cell. Content analyses reveal the presence of proteins involved in targeting, adhesion, membrane trafficking, signal transduction, chaperones, enzymes and functional mRNA and miRNA, with particle release being a highly regulated process induced by biological, chemical or mechanical stimuli. EVs play a functional role in immune responses providing both activating and suppressive signals to target cells. This is exemplified by the fact vesicles from PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells have been shown to induce naive THP-1 cell differentiation. Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) is a subtype of childhood arthritis that is characterized by its systemic manifestations, severe symptoms and, on a cellular level, polarization of monocytes to a pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotype depending on the active/remissive state of the patient.
Highlights
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin
Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis is a subtype of childhood arthritis that is characterized by its systemic manifestations, severe symptoms and, on a cellular level, polarization of monocytes to a pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotype depending on the active/remissive state of the patient
We aimed to develop a system in which the influence of Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) patient plasma vesicles could be analyzed in order to determine their influence on monocyte differentiation and phenotype
Summary
EVs can be found in a plethora of body fluids and are known to carry both vesicle as well as parental cell specific proteins. The content of the particles is dependant on the stimulation and/or microenvironment surrounding the donor cell. Content analyses reveal the presence of proteins involved in targeting, adhesion, membrane trafficking, signal transduction, chaperones, enzymes and functional mRNA and miRNA, with particle release being a highly regulated process induced by biological, chemical or mechanical stimuli. EVs play a functional role in immune responses providing both activating and suppressive signals to target cells. This is exemplified by the fact vesicles from PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells have been shown to induce naïve THP-1 cell differentiation. Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) is a subtype of childhood arthritis that is characterized by its systemic manifestations, severe symptoms and, on a cellular level, polarization of monocytes to a pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotype depending on the active/remissive state of the patient
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