Yielding capacity of amaranth grain (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) depending on fertilizers

Abstract

The research was conducted on the research field of Lviv National Agrarian University on dark gray podzolic light loamy soil. Hydrothermal conditions differed from the average of many years data by more precipitation. In 2019, during the growing season it fell by 53 mm above the rate, in 2020 - by 129 mm, in 2021 - by 73 mm. The aim of the research to define the amaranth nutrition system in conditions of sufficient and excessive moisture, seven rates of mineral fertilizer application were studied: N0P0K0, N40P20K40, N80P40K80, N120P40K80, N160P80K120, N200P80K120, N200P80K160. Under the influence of fertilizers, plant height increased from 147.1 cm to 208.2 cm, panicle length - from 32.2 cm to 71.7 cm, seed weight from one plant - from 12.9 g to 27.8 g, weight of 1000 grains - 0.86 g to 0.91 g. The number of plants before harvest was in the range of 18-20 plants/m2. Increasing of the application rate of mineral fertilizers from N0P0K0 to N200P80K160 provides the increase of the yielding capacity of amaranth grain of the variety Kharkiv 1 from 2.31 t/ha to 4.88 t/ha, or by 2.57 t/ha. Yield depended mostly on nitrogen fertilizers, application of N40 on variants with the rate of N120P40K80 and N200P80K120 fertilizers resulted in a further increase of the yield by 0.41 t/ha and 0.34 t/ha. Increasing the potassium rate by K40 on variant N200P80K160 did not provide a significant (0.04 t/ha) increase of the yield. The highest level of yielding capacity is formed by the following structural elements: grain weight from one plant - 27.8 g and number of plants - 18 p/m2.