Yield, Quality, and Antioxidant Activity of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) Bud Oil at the Different Phenological Stages in Young and Mature Trees.

Faisal Nur Alfikri,Rini Pujiarti,Mochamat Gunawan Wibisono,Eko Bhakti Hardiyanto

doi:10.1155/2020/9701701

Abstract

Buds and flowers of clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) are economically important essential oil sources. The purpose of this study was to assess the yield, quality, and antioxidant activity of Zanzibar clove bud oil between three phenological stages (budding-3, full-budding, and flowering) in young (3-4 years) and mature trees (45 years). Chemical compositions of the oil were analyzed using GC-MS, and the physicochemical properties were measured based on SNI 06-4267-1996. Antioxidant activity was analyzed using the DPPH method. The results showed flowering buds of young trees produced higher yield (16.73%) than that of the mature ones (14.93%). The GC-MS analysis showed that the main bioactive compound of clove oil was eugenol (68.05–82.38%), which is highest at the flowering stage in mature trees. Almost all of the clove bud oils met physicochemical properties standard required by the SNI 06-4267-1996. DPPH scavenging activity IC50 ranged 15.80–108.85 µg/mL, with the highest antioxidant activity at the flowering stage of young trees. The results indicate that clove at flowering stage produced the best essential oil ingredient, as well as the most efficient source of natural antioxidants with slight differences in quality between the young and mature trees.

Highlights

Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) buds and flowers are utilized for its essential oil
Samples collected at each phenological stage in young and mature trees were hydrodistilled in 1500 mL water using the Clevenger apparatus for 8 hours. ere was an addition of 500 mL water for every 2 hours during the extraction. e distilled bud oils were stored at 0°C until further analysis
Oil Yield. e buds taken from young trees had higher oil yield than mature trees, and the oil yield increased with the maturity of stages, with flowering stage showing the highest oil yield (Figure 1)

Summary

Introduction

Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) buds and flowers are utilized for its essential oil. E Zanzibar variety produces more buds than other varieties and considered the most superior and cultivated variety [2]. Apart from the utilization of clove flowers in the cigarette industry, clove produces essential oil with good yield ranging from 10% to 20%. E phenological stage influences the yield and quality of clove bud oil. Razafimamonjison et al [3] found that the full-budding stage, from buds collected from Madagascar, had the highest oil yield, while the full-fruiting stage had the lowest; and the eugenol content tended to increase from young bud stage to fullfruiting stage, i.e., from 72% to 82% [3]

Methods

Results

Conclusion