Yield Losses in Wheat Caused by Stripe Rust (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Puccinia striiformis&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;) in Egypt

Atef Shahin,Samar Esmail,Walid El-Orabey,Mamdouh Ashmawy

doi:10.11648/j.ajls.20200805.17

Abstract

The production loss in eight local wheat cultivars was estimated under yellow rust disease pressure at four locations of northern Egypt during 2017/2018 and 2018/19 growing seasons. Considerable disease pressure, as revealed by final rust severity (%), was observed at all locations with a maximum value (100%) in northern Egypt. The tested wheat cultivars were evaluated at the adult plant stage under field conditions using two epidemiological parameters final rust severity (FRS%) and area under disease progression curve (AUDPC). Final rust severity ranged from 5% to 100% for the tested cultivars. AUDPC ranged from 260 to 2800 at Sakha, 115 to 2800 at El- Gemmeiza, 115 to 2600 at Itay El-Baroud, and 115 to 2600 at Shebin El-Koum during the two growing seasons. The values of FRS (%) and AUDPC during the first season were less than those in the second season. Losses in grain yield per plot ranged from 2.72% to 37.72% during the first season and 6.18% to 69.33% in the second season at the Delta region. The highest grain yield losses were recorded with wheat cvs.; Gemmeiza 11 (64.20%), followed by Misr 1 (62.38%), as well as for Misr 2 (57.66%) and Sids 12 (50.89%). While, the lowest loss cvs.; was recorded in Misr 3 and Giza 171, as it was 7.65% and 9.44%, respectively. Regarding yield losses in the 1000 kernel weight, wheat cvs.; Misr 3 showed the lowest value of loss i.e. 1.71%, while Gemmeiza 11 showed the highest loss i.e. 39.67% during 2018/2019 growing season. A significal positive correlation was found between yield losses and each of final rust severity (%) and area under disease progression curve (AUDPC). These results would serve as a fruitful tool in the national wheat breeding program for yellow rust resistance, in Egypt.

Highlights

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. s. tritici, has been considered an important foliar disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), especially in cold climatic areas
To estimate the consequent losses in thousand kernel weight and grain yield per plot expressed on eight Egyptian wheat cultivars i.e. Gemmeiza 11, Misr 1, Misr 2, Misr 3, Sids 12, Giza 168, Giza 171 and Shandaweel 1, under field conditions
Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici), as the most destructive disease, causing severe yield losses in the majority of wheat cultivars growing in Egypt and worldwide, [12, 45]

Summary

Introduction

Stripe (yellow) rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. s. tritici, has been considered an important foliar disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), especially in cold climatic areas. In northern Egypt, the disease became very dangerous on the majority of the currently used wheat cultivars, because of their susceptibility to the disease [17, 8] It is usually occurs at a higher level of severity on the late sowing dates than the early ones, when the environmental conditions were suitable for rust incidence and development [32]. It has been recently became a macro cyclic rust disease, [27], causing a serious economic loss in the highly susceptible wheat cultivars, [6, 16, 18, 48]. Wherein severe epiphytotic has been recorded in the last five decades, since the 1995, causing grain yield loss between 14% and 26% in Nile Delta region, while the loss at the country level reached to 10% [17]

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