Yield and water use efficiency of cactus pear under arrangements, spacings and fertilizations

Alex A Lédo,João A Da Silva,Ignacio Aspiazú,Abner J De Carvalho,Paulo E R Donato,Sérgio L R Donato

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n6p413-418

Abstract

ABSTRACT Cactus pear is adapted to semi-arid conditions. In this study, the objective was to evaluate the water use efficiency and green and dry mass yields of the cultivar Gigante under different fertilization rates and sources in three production cycles, spacing and planting arrangement. Seventy two treatments, involving two types of arrangements in the plots, three spacings in the subplots and 12 types of fertilization in the sub-subplots were arranged in a split-split-plot scheme, using randomized block design with three repetions. Dry mass content decreases while water use efficiency and green mass and dry mass yields increase from the first to the third cycle. It is feasible to use planting arrangements in triple or quadrupling rows which allow increasing the mechanization index of the crop. Organomineral fertilization with 30 or 60 Mg ha-1 year-1 of bovine manure combined with 150-300-600 kg ha-1 year-1 of N-P2O5-K2O and 300-300 kg ha-1 year-1 of P2O5-K2O, respectively; organic fertilization with 90 Mg ha-1 year-1 of manure; and mineral fertilization with 300-300-600 kg ha-1 year-1 of N-P2O5-K2O ensure green mass and dry mass yields greater than 200 and 15 Mg ha-1 cycle-1, respectively, and water use efficiency greater than 20 kg ha-1 mm-1 in ‘Gigante’ cactus pear. It is concluded that yields of this magnitude are ensured with application of about 300-300-300 kg ha-1 year-1 of N-P2O5-K2O using organic, organomineral or mineral sources.

Highlights

Material and MethodsThe selection of a production system for cactus pear must consider some points, such as the socioeconomic condition of the producer, production costs (Donato et al, 2017a), possibility of mechanization (Padilha Junior et al, 2016), soil fertility, credit availability, and cultivar (Silva et al, 2010).Cactus pear is adapted to semi-arid conditions because it withstands long drought periods
This adaptation involves many morphophysiological aspects, such as the Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) (Pimienta-Barrios et al, 2012), whose main advantage is the closure of stomata during daytime, which reduces excessive water loss through transpiration, there may be losses of yield
Cultivation techniques used for cactus pear such as increased planting density (Cavalcante et al, 2014), organic fertilization (Donato et al, 2014a), or mineral fertilization (Silva et al, 2016) can enhance its growth, dry mass yield and water use efficiency

Summary

Introduction

Material and MethodsThe selection of a production system for cactus pear must consider some points, such as the socioeconomic condition of the producer, production costs (Donato et al, 2017a), possibility of mechanization (Padilha Junior et al, 2016), soil fertility, credit availability, and cultivar (Silva et al, 2010).Cactus pear is adapted to semi-arid conditions because it withstands long drought periods. Cultivation techniques used for cactus pear such as increased planting density (Cavalcante et al, 2014), organic fertilization (Donato et al, 2014a), or mineral fertilization (Silva et al, 2016) can enhance its growth, dry mass yield and water use efficiency. This contradicts the idea that plants with CAM metabolism are little productive (Donato et al, 2017c). Planting arrangements in triple or quadruple rows can increase the mechanization index of the crop (Padilha Junior et al, 2016), because it allows the use of mechanized or animal traction for fertilization, spraying and harvesting (Donato et al, 2017b)

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Results

Conclusion