Yield and stability ofmyronivkawinter barley varieties

Abstract

Purpose and objectives of the research. Comparative estimation for yield and stability of winter barley varieties developed at the V.M. Remeslo Institute of Wheat of NAAS and included to the State Register of Ukraine during 1987–2017. Materials and methods. The research was carried out at the the V.M. Remeslo Institute of Wheat of NAAS in 2012/13–2016/17. Object of the research – 15 Myronivka winter barley varieties registered in Ukraine during 1987–2017. To characterize the interaction of genotype–environment and differentiation of varieties for yield and stability, a number of the most used methods were applied: S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Russel (1966); G. Wricke (1962); C.S. Lin, M.R. Binns (1988); M. Huehn (1990); A.V. Kilchevskiy, L.V. Khotyleva (1985); V.V. Khangildin, N.A. Litvinenko (1981); J.L. Purchase et al. (2000). For graphical analysis AMMI and GGE biplot were used. Discussion of the results. The weather conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine have a significant effect on the winter barley yield. This is indicated by both the average yield variation in the experiment over the years from 6.53 t/ha in 2014/15 to 3.16 t/ha in 2016/17, as well as the percentage of contribution of years conditions to the variance – 82.05%. Reliable, but significantly lower values were calculated for genotype – 12.51% and genotype–environment interaction – 5.45%. The yield variation between varieties within the year ranged from 1.20 to 2.25 t/ha. On average for five years, the highest yield was noted in the variety MIP Yason – 5.67 t/ha, the lowest yield in the variety Bemir 2 – 3.95 t/ha. The varieties Paladin Myronivskyi and MIP Yason had higher ranks for the most adaptibility indices. The first two principal components of the GGE biplot explained the higher percentage of the genotype-environment interaction (86.92%), as compared to the AMMI model (76.33%). The AMMI analysis showed that the variety Paladin Myronivskyi were the most stable. The GGE biplot ranking concerning to an «ideal» genotype revealed that the varieties MIP Oskar, Paladin Myronivskyi, MIP Yason were the most close to it. The varieties Atlant Mironivskyi and MIP Hladiator were slightly inferior as three ones mentioned above, but significantly dominated over other varieties. Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation of mean yield (mean) with the maximum (max) (r = 0.89) and minimum (min) (r = 0.81) its levels. The strong positive correlation between mean and indices: SVG i (r = 0.81), Hom (r = 0.79) and Sc (r = 0.88) was obserewed. Very strong negative correlation (r = -0.96) was noted between mean and P i . High correlation for max was found only with Sc (r = 0.73), high negative – with P i (r = -0.85). Mіn strongly correlated with Sc (r = 0.95), Hom (r = 0.82) and SVG i (r = 0.81). Between the individual indices correlation varied from functional and very strong positive level: σ ²SAA i and Kg i (r = 1.00), SVG i and Hom (r = 1.00), σ²SAA i and b i (r = 0.98), Kg i and b i (r = 0.98), S 2 di and W i (r = 0.93), W i and Lg i (r = 0.97), W i and ASV (r = 0.94), SVG i and Sc (r = 0.93 ), Sc and Hom (r = 0.93), S i (1) and S i (2) (r = 0.90) to strong negative level: Sg i and SVG i (r = -0.87), Sg i and Hom (r = -0.87), P i and Sc (r = -0.78), P i and Hom (r = -0.73), P i and SVG i (r = -0.75). The revealed correlation patterns for yield and stability indices can be used for further development of the theory and practice adaptive plant breeding. Conclusions. The systemic comparative estimation by statistical and graphical approaches shows that new winter barley varieties Paladin Myronivskyi, Atlant Myronovskyi, MIP Yason, MIP Oskar, MIP Hladiator included to the State Register of Ukraine during 2014-2017 have advantages over older varieties by both productive and adaptive potential. At the same time, both the statistical indices and the visualization of AMMI and GGE biplot indicate that the new varieties have different response to the contrast conditions of the growing years. Thus, in the onfarm environments, new varieties can complement each other.