Yield and quality of wheat grains in crop rotation in the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia

Abstract

The influence of soil treatment systems on the upper layer of chernozem soil and intensification agents in the cultivation of spring wheat after rapeseed and soybean precursor on the yield and quality of grain in the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia was revealed. At the present stage the increase of the productivity and sustainable production of grain in the arid conditions of Omsk region implies the development of low-cost agricultural technologies and the sound use of intensification agents in growing new high-yielding varieties. The soy precursor contributed to the improvement of technological quality indicators against intensive background in terms of protein content by 6.7% (11.9-12.7%), gluten – by 8.4% (23.8-25.8%) and grain yield – by 23% (2.69-3.30 t/ha) than rapeseed, which is mainly associated with soil enrichment with digestible forms of nitrogen after soy precursor. The positive effect of combined soil treatment in combination with complex application of chemical agents on wheat grain productivity and quality after soybean and rapeseed precursors was established. It is noted that the largest thousand grain weight, protein and gluten content for both precursors were observed in case of flat-cut soil treatment with the improvement of technological parameters during complex chemization. In the southern forest-steppe cultivated lands of Western Siberia the rational integrated use of chemization tools and resource-saving flat-cut and comb-bined soil treatment systems in field crop rotation when growing spring wheat after rapeseed and soybean precursors optimize the quality of soil and grain, stabilize and increase crop productivity by 1.19-3.30 t/ha (14-23%). Soy and rapeseed are promising crops and the areas below them will increase in the region, and the agricultural technology of spring soft wheat after these precursors has not been sufficiently studied and presents a significant interest.