Yield and must composition of grapevines subjected to phosphate fertilization in Southern Brazil

Djalma Eugênio Schmitt,Jucinei José Comin,Gustavo Brunetto,Talita Trapp,Vítor Gabriel Ambrosini,Marcelo Borghezan

doi:10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2020.v55.01167

Abstract

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield and must composition of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' and 'Chardonnay' grapevines subjected to phosphorus applications to a soil from a high-altitude region of Southern Brazil, during three crop seasons. Experiments 1 and 2 were carried out in 'Cabernet Sauvignon' and 'Chardonnay' commercial vineyards, respectively, in the municipality of Água Doce, located in the Midwestern region of the state of Santa Catarina. The soil from the two vineyards was classified as a Typic Humicryept. The used source of P was triple superphosphate (45% P2O5). From 2011 to 2013, at flowering, a total of 0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 kg ha-1 P2O5 were applied in the crown projection area, to the soil surface, without incorporation, in both vineyards. Soil and leaf P concentration, yield parameters, and must quality were evaluated. The increase in P availability decreased total titratable acidity and tartaric acid in the must of the 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grapevine in the 2013/2014 crop season and increased pH and total soluble solids in the must of the 'Chardonnay' grapevine in the 2011/2012 crop season. Phosphorus application to the soil increases the levels of available phosphorus, but does not result in higher yields for 'Cabernet Sauvignon' and 'Chardonnay' grapevines.

Highlights

Brazilian vineyards (Vitis vinifera L.) are typically found on clayey soils, characterized by a predominance of 1:1 silicate minerals and iron and aluminum oxyhydroxides in the clay fraction, which are naturally poor in phosphorus (Almeida et al, 2018)
The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield and must composition of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' and 'Chardonnay' grapevines subjected to phosphorus applications to a soil from a high-altitude region of Southern Brazil, during three crop seasons
The availability of soil P increased in 0.17 mg for each kilogram of P2O5 applied to the soil in both of these crop seasons

Summary

Introduction

Brazilian vineyards (Vitis vinifera L.) are typically found on clayey soils, characterized by a predominance of 1:1 silicate minerals and iron and aluminum oxyhydroxides in the clay fraction, which are naturally poor in phosphorus (Almeida et al, 2018). Part of the P absorbed by the grapevines is cycled through the deposition and decomposition of pruned leaves and branches, the deposition of cover crop shoots, and the senescence of grapevine roots and cover crop species (Schreiner, 2005; Tecchio et al, 2011) Another part is transported and accumulated in perennial reserve organs, such as roots (Gautier et al, 2018). Despite decreasing the demand of grapevines for P applied to the soil, all these sources are probably not enough to meet total plant demand, supporting the need for P application to reach the desired yield and grape quality

Objectives

Methods

Results