Abstract
The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis and azotobacter with the application of biochar on tobacco growth parameters, yield and nicotine content under rainfed conditions for two growing seasons (2016-2017 and 2017-2018). The factorial experiment was performed based on a randomized complete block design with four replications and three factors including biochar at three levels (0, 4 and 8 ton/ha), mycorrhizal fungi and Azotobacter chroococcum each one at two levels (without and with application). Results showed that biochar application had a significant and positive effect on all evaluated parameters. However, there was no statistically significant difference between 4 and 8 tons per hectare of biochar in yield. Mycorrhizal symbiosis had a significant effect on relative water content. Application of azotobacter had a positive and significant effect on growth parameters, yield and nicotine content under rainfed conditions for two growing seasons (2016-2017 and nicotine content. The greatest effect of azotobacter with a 17% increase was on leaf nicotine content. Whereas tobacco dry yield in rainfed conditions is lower, the combined use of biochar and these biofertilizers can be considered a desirable solution. Then in terms of economic aspects, the use of 4 tons biochar per hectare along with the use of mycorrhiza and azotobacter to achieve acceptable yield while maintaining chemical quality in tobacco farms is recommended.
Highlights
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is an important industrial crop that, in addition to consumption in the tobacco industry, has various applications, including as a model plant in the field of biotechnology and nicotine extraction for the pharmaceutical industry [1]
The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis and azotobacter with the application of biochar on tobacco growth parameters, yield and nicotine content under rainfed conditions for two growing seasons (2016-2017 and 2017-2018)
Mycorrhizal symbiosis had a significant effect on relative water content
Summary
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is an important industrial crop that, in addition to consumption in the tobacco industry, has various applications, including as a model plant in the field of biotechnology and nicotine extraction for the pharmaceutical industry [1] This plant is relatively tolerant to drought stress, studies have shown that to produce economically, it needs a water supply, especially in the rapid growth stage [2]. Biochar improves soil properties (soil physicochemical characteristics like pH, CEC, soil structure), water holding capacity and immobilizes soil environmental pollutants [6, 7] It has been shown in several studies that the use of biochar increases plant growth and biomass and absorbs nutrients in water stress conditions [8,9,10,11].
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