YETİŞKİN KRONİK HASTALARDA ALLAH’A BAĞLANMA, DUYGU DURUMU VE YAŞAM MEMNUNİYETİ İLİŞKİSİ

Abstract

An increase in the number of chronic patients were observed to be related to the increase in population every passing year, insufficient sanitary living conditions and other reasons. Due to chronic diseases, tissue losses occur, and due to tissue losses in an organ, organ losses occur. It is seen that the mortality rate due to organ losses is high. One of the chronic diseases of which mortality rate is high is chronic kidney failure. Chronic kidney failure has five stages, and when the disease reaches its final stage, the organ is lost. Patients at this stage become obliged to receive RRT (renal replacement therapy). Among the most common causes of end-stage renal failure are diabetes, glomerulonephritis, and hypertension. The reason why chronic kidney failure is seen as an important health problem worldwide is the high mortality rate associated with it. It is known that about one million people in the world struggle with chronic renal failure, and this makes up approximately 10-16% of the world population. According to the data concerning Turkey in 2018, the number of ESRD (End Stage Renal Failure) patients receiving RRT is 81.055, and its incidence is 149,2, and the prevalence is 988, 4. 60.643 of these patients received hemodialysis treatment, 3.192 of them received peritoneal dialysis treatment, and 17.220 of them received transplantation treatment. The number of patients who started continuous RRT in 2018, including pediatric patients, is 12.232. Due to chronic kidney failure or dialysis treatment, it is likely that patients develop physical, social, psychological and mental problems. In these patients, pain, cramping, change in blood pressure values, development of comorbidity due to CKD (chronic kidney failure), sleep disorders, forgetfulness, dementia, sexual dyfunctions, treatment compliance problems, depression, anxiety and panic disorders and problems in socializing are among the most common issues. In some studies, it was discovered that there is a relationship between both anxiety disorder and depression with insecure attachment patterns. Based on this data, it can be asserted that attachment patterns that’s developed in close relationships affect the psychological state of individuals. Children who develop positive relationships with an attachment figure, and who are securely attached to an attachment figure perceive themselves as beloved and valued individuals. They deem other individuals as reliable, supportive and responsible. Children who develop negative relationships with an attachment figure, and develop an insecure attachment pattern to an attachment figure do not deem themselves worthy of love. They perceive other individuals as unreliable and inconsistent. Kirkpatrick emphasizes four cases in respect to an affair of interpersonal attachment. (1) The individual wants to be close to the attachment figure when he is afraid, in troublesome situations or in case of danger. (2) The attachment figure is reliable because it provides the individual with protection. (3) Attachment figure is consistent in his behavior. (4) The presence of the attachment figure is continuous. Kirkpatrick explains the phenomenon of attachment to God based on these four cases. In some studies, conducted on attachment and life satisfaction, it was determined that there is a relationship between attachment and life satisfaction. Anxiouslyattached individuals experience intensive fear of rejection and abandonment by others, and have negative emotions. Individuals who have attachment avoidance refrain from close relationships, need more independent action, and have high selfconfidence. Individuals who are securely attached tend to have a closer relationship, as they have positive and emotional thoughts about themselves as well as others. In a study on adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism as agents in adult attachment patterns, depression, hopelessness, and life satisfaction, it was determined that there is a positive relationship between adaptive perfectionism and life satisfaction, whereas there is a negative relationship between adaptive perfectionism and depression, hopelessness, and insecure (anxious and avoided) attachment. On the other hand, there is a negative relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and life satisfaction, whereas there is a positive relationship between depression, hopelessness and insecure attachment patterns. In another study, it was found out that individuals who struggle with stress-causing emotions, and who have secure attachments to God have less psychological problems, and higher life satisfaction levels. It can be said that there is a relationship between the emotional state of the chronic patients, and their attachment styles and life satisfaction. In our study, it was found out that dialysis patients with positive emotions developed more secure attachment patterns, and have higher life satisfaction.