Abstract
Abstract Children, I come back today To tell you a story of the long dark way That I had to climb, That I had to know In order that the race might live and grow. From “The Negro Mother,” Langston Hughes The story of the Cleveland Council of Black Nurses, as for black nurses throughout the United States, is one of isolation, stigmatism, and injustice. Time is an important element in the development of professional organizations. This article chronicles the history of the CCBN from the events of three separate points in time — the advent of segregation, the dissolution of the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses (NACGN), and the programmatic thrust of the American Nurses Association (ANA). • We discuss political and social issues in terms of “windows of opportunity” — openings to pursue alternatives for changing the status quo. The experiences of African-American nurses in the United States are inextricably bound to significant social and professional events that were intended to provide windows ...
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