Abstract

Before the Fourteenth Amendment, there was only a citizen of a State, under Article IV, Section 2, Clause 1 of the Constitution of the United States of America. Such a citizen was also a citizen of the United States, under the law of nations (international law).However, in the Slaughterhouse Cases (1873), the Supreme Court decided that because of the Fourteenth Amendment, citizenship of a State was to be separate and distinct from citizenship of the United States. A citizen of a State was to be considered as separate and distinct from a citizen of the United States.One can be a citizen of the United States and not a citizen of a State. And, one can be a citizen of a State and not a citizen of the United States.So, there is a citizen of a State and also a citizen of the United States. In addition, there are now two citizens, a citizen of a State, under Article IV, Section 2, Clause 1 of the Constitution of the United States of America and also a citizen of the United States, under Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment. A citizen of the United States can become also a citizen of a State, under Section 1, Clause 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment. In such case then there would be a citizen of a State, under Article IV, Section 2, Clause 1 of the Constitution and also a citizen of the United States and a citizen of a State, under Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment.Therefore, in any State of the Union, there are two State citizens, a citizen of a State, under Article IV, Section 2, Clause 1 of the Constitution, and also a citizen of a State (and a citizen of the United States), under Section 1, Clause 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment. The only difference between them is that a citizen of a State, under Article IV, Section 2, Clause 1 of the Constitution, is one born in a State of the Union; that is a native born citizen whereas a citizen of a State, under Section 1, Clause 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment, is also a citizen of the United States residing in a particular State.

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