Yersinia Outer Membrane Vesicles as Potential Vaccine Candidates in Protecting against Plague.

Andrey A Byvalov,Ilya V Konyshev,Svetlana V Dentovskaya,Andrey P Anisimov,Vladimir N Uversky

doi:10.3390/biom10121694

Abstract

Despite the relatively low incidence of plague, its etiological agent, Yersinia pestis, is an exceptional epidemic danger due to the high infectivity and mortality of this infectious disease. Reports on the isolation of drug-resistant Y. pestis strains indicate the advisability of using asymmetric responses, such as phage therapy and vaccine prophylaxis in the fight against this problem. The current relatively effective live plague vaccine is not approved for use in most countries because of its ability to cause heavy local and system reactions and even a generalized infectious process in people with a repressed immune status or metabolic disorders, as well as lethal infection in some species of nonhuman primates. Therefore, developing alternative vaccines is of high priority and importance. However, until now, work on the development of plague vaccines has mainly focused on screening for the potential immunogens. Several investigators have identified the protective potency of bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) as a promising basis for bacterial vaccine candidates. This review is aimed at presenting these candidates of plague vaccine and the results of their analysis in animal models.

Highlights

The justification of antigenic composition of any modern vaccine is a primary and crucial step of its development
This means that the antigen protection is most likely associated with the component(s) of the outer membrane and/or periplasmic space, but not with the inner membrane and cByiotmooplelcauslems 2i0c2c0o, 1n0t,exnt
One of the promising approaches in this direction is the design of subunit plague vaccines

Summary

Introduction

The justification of antigenic composition of any modern vaccine is a primary and crucial step of its development. In the process of antigen isolation and purification, as well as in the process of preparation of killed vaccines, the antigens’ native structure may change [2], causing conformational inactivation of their protective activity. It is likely that, in addition to the already known immunodominant antigens, a large number of other antigens are involved in the induction of protective immunity to plague. Each of these antigens contributes relatively little to protective immunity (and is difficult to be detected), but when taken as a whole group can provide sufficient protection

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Results

Conclusion