Abstract
End-stage renal disease is the last stage of chronic kidney disease and affects more than 2 million patients worldwide. The infection-related hospitalization is an important cause of excess morbidity and mortality in this group of patients. Yersinia enterocolitica (YE) is one of the bacteria that hemodialysis (HD) patients can occasionally be infected with. The most common symptoms are fever and mild diarrhea, which is self-limited. However, in HD patients, especially in iron overloaded cases, severe watery or bloody diarrhea can occur. The consumption of undercooked food by patients should sensitize the physician to the possibility of YE infection. Clinically, YE is difficult to diagnose due to nonspecific symptoms and the relatively low prevalence of yersiniosis, compared to other causative pathogens in dialysis patients. There is little information about yersiniosis in HD patients. For this reason, this review aims to summarize the current knowledge on YE infection in HD patients, with the main objective of expounding the problems in identifying, diagnosing, and treating yersiniosis in HD patients.
Highlights
Yersinia enterocolitica (YE) is a gram-negative bacillus that can cause a zoonotic disease called enteric yersiniosis
YE is characterized by acute diarrhea, mesenteric adenitis, terminal ileitis, and appendicitis-like syndrome, which usually manifests as right lower quadrant abdominal pain, fever, vomiting, elevated white blood cells count, and diarrhea [1]
Extensive research has expanded the insights into those changes. It showed a decrease in lymphocytes count, significant increase of natural killer (NK) cells, with high levels of cytokine factors that stimulate monocyte and granulocyte production [9]
Summary
Yersinia enterocolitica (YE) is a gram-negative bacillus that can cause a zoonotic disease called enteric yersiniosis. Enteric Yersiniosis occurs more frequently in Europe (1.8 cases per 100,000 population) than in North America (0.28 per 100,000) [2, 3]. YE can cause sepsis in immunocompromised patients, including those with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis (HD) [1, 6]. Extensive research has expanded the insights into those changes. It showed a decrease in lymphocytes count, significant increase of natural killer (NK) cells, with high levels of cytokine factors that stimulate monocyte and granulocyte production [9]
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