Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) and Dimethyl Fumarate Can Improve Metabolic Syndrome Condition Induced by High Fat Diet in Mice

Abstract

IntroductionMetabolic syndrome (MS) is a combination of clinical signs and symptoms that occur together and directly contribute to the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Some studies suggest that the prevalence of MS in the US is 32% of the population, while in Brazil this level reaches 23%. The criteria for the classification of MS are diverse, but according to the WHO, the presence of diabetes or reduced glucose tolerance or insulin resistance, associated with at least two of the following conditions: elevation of blood pressure, dyslipidemia and obesity are considered. MS confers a two‐fold increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease, two to four times the risk of stroke, three to four times the risk of acute myocardial infarction. Our hypothesis is that toasted yerba mate and dimethyl fumarate have a therapeutic effect on the metabolic syndrome in mice.MethodsMetabolic syndrome was induced by hyperlipidic diet (60% of total calorie) in C57BL / 6 mice for 12 weeks, and treatment was performed concomitantly with yerba mate (2 mg / g) and dimethyl fumarate (0.24 mg / g) diluted in water, to which the animals had free access. The groups were separated as follows: control group (standard diet and water), HFD group (hyperlipidic diet and water), HFD + Mate group (hyperlipidic diet and mat herb tea) and HFD + DMF group (hyperlipidic diet and dimethyl fumarate).ResultsIt was observed that the HFD + Mate group obtained an increase in body mass in the same way as the HFD group, also increasing triglyceride levels, but maintained normal HDL levels. The HFD + DMF group, however, remained with body mass equal to the control group, maintaining normal levels of HDL and triglycerides. Both the HFD + Mate group and the HFD + DMF group remained at optimal glycemic levels, including glucose tolerance and insulin resistance tests. Histological analysis of the liver showed hepatic steatosis in the HFD group, but not in the HFD + Mate and HFD + DMF groups.ConclusionDMF was effective to prevent metabolic syndrome, once the hallmarks glucose, body weight, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol were kept similar to control group. DMF also protected against hepatic steatosis. About mate tea, the effect was more modest than DMF, once only HDL cholesterol and glucose were protected, as well as hepatic steatosis was avoided. These data suggest DMF can modulate satiation preventing the syndrome metabolic development.Support or Funding InformationBrazilian Research Agencies ‐ CAPES, CNPq and FAPERJThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.