Abstract
Neodymium-doped GeO2∕γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane hybrid planar waveguide films were prepared by a low-temperature sol-gel technique from an organic-inorganic hybrid system for photonic applications. Optical properties such as refractive index, thickness, propagation modes, and attenuation coefficient of the hybrid planar waveguides were investigated by using a prism coupling technique. An intense room-temperature yellow-to-violet up-conversion emission at 397nm (D3∕24→I13∕24) was measured from the hybrid planar waveguide film heated at a low temperature of 100°C upon excitation with a xenon lamp at the wavelength of 580nm. In addition to this intense violet emission, a relatively weak ultraviolet emission at 376nm and a blue emission at 468nm were also observed. The mechanism of the up-conversion emission is proposed, and they indicate that the excited-state absorption process originating from the long-lived F3∕24 excited state should be responsible for the up-conversion process.
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