Yellow Rust (puccinia striiformis.f.sp.tritici) on Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Effect and Managements Methods-A Review

Abstract

Yellow rust is caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the known pathogens of wheat. This rust usually occurs at early in the growth season of wheat, when temperature ranges between 2 and 15 °C; but it may occur to a maximum temperature of 23 °C. High humidity and rainfall are conducive for increasing the infection (disease) on both leaf blade and leaf sheath, even on spikes when the disease occurred as epidemic form. Stunted and weakened plants, shriveled grains, and fewer spikes are among the symptoms of the disease. Therefore the objective of this paper is to review Effect of yellow rust (puccinia striiformis.f.sp.tritici) on wheat production and their management options. Yellow rust yield losses can be 50%, but in severe situations 100% is vulnerable. In countries where wheat is grown in winters or at high altitudes, stripe rust is a common threat, but not more significant than wheat leaf rust and stem rust , which are continuous threats in all wheat-growing seasons up to maturity of the crops. Epidemics of yellow rust have become more frequent and widespread at higher altitudes in south-eastern Ethiopia due to frequent production of mega cultivars, varietal susceptibility, expansion of wheat mono cropping, development and introduction of new virulent races and conducive environmental factors prevailing rust development. There are many methods of yellow rust (puccinia striiformis) management like bio control, chemical, cultural control and breeding for diseases resistance, among this, breeding resistant varieties is the most cost-effective method to control this rust. Fungicides are available but vary in ability to control this rust depending on their registration restrictions by state or national governments in addition they are not recommended more due environmentally unfavorable. Keywords: - Bread wheat, Rust management, yellow rust, wheat yield DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/12-12-03 Publication date: June 30 th 2022