Abstract
Yellow fever is an infectious and non-contagious disease caused by an arbovirus, the yellow fever virus. The agent is maintained in jungle cycles among primates as vertebrate hosts and mosquitoes, especially Aedes in Africa, and Haemagogus and Sabethes in America. Approximately 90% of the infections are mild or asymptomatic, while 10% course to a severe clinical picture with 50% case-fatality rate. Yellow fever is largely distributed in Africa where urban epidemics are still reported. In South America, between 1970-2001, 4,543 cases were reported, mostly from Peru (51.5%), Bolivia (20.1%) and Brazil (18.7%). The disease is diagnosed by serology (detection of IgM), virus isolation, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Yellow fever is a zoonosis and cannot be eradicated, but it is preventable in man by using the 17D vaccine. A single dose is enough to protect an individual for at least 10 years, after which revaccination is recommended. In this paper, the main concepts about yellow fever as well as the fatal adverse effects of the vaccine are updated.
Highlights
Yellow fever is an infectious and non-contagious disease caused by an arbovirus, the yellow fever virus
Ao adquirirem imunidade materna e ao longo de sua vida, constituem outro grupo em que a doença apresenta formas leves ou assintomática da Figura 6 - O “iceberg” da febre amarela
Vasconcelos PFC, Travassos da Rosa APA, Rodrigues SG, Travassos da Rosa ES, Monteiro HAO, Cruz ACR, Barros VLR, Souza MRS, Travassos da Rosa JFS
Summary
Resumo A febre amarela é doenca infecciosa não-contagiosa causada por um arbovírus mantido em ciclos silvestres em que macacos atuam como hospedeiros amplificadores e mosquitos dos gêneros Aedes na África, e Haemagogus e Sabethes na América, são os transmissores. Cerca de 90% dos casos da doença apresentam-se com formas clínicas benignas que evoluem para a cura, enquanto 10% desenvolvem quadros dramáticos com mortalidade em torno de 50%. O problema mostra-se mais grave em África onde ainda há casos urbanos. Os países que mais diagnosticaram a doença foram o Peru (51,5%), a Bolívia (20,1%) e o Brasil (18,7%). A zoonose não pode ser erradicada, mas, a doença humana é prevenível mediante a vacinação com a amostra 17D do vírus amarílico. Neste artigo são revistos os principais conceitos da doença e os casos de mortes associados à vacina.
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