Abstract
Water used for domestic purposes is ideally required to be free from contaminants. Various contaminants have frequently affected the quality of such water. Water samples were obtained from 150 sources including 72 wells, 60 streams, 17 taps, and one borehole, randomly selected from five residential areas in Jos, Nigeria. Structured questionnaires and one-to- one interview was used to obtain information on features of location and use of facilities in each area. Eighty (53.3%) water sources were contaminated, predominantly wells (70.8%). The locations (identified in code) with the highest number of contaminated sources were AGO (60.0%), GBU (56.7%) and FGD (56.7%). AGD and FGD also had the highest ratio of households to one water source (25:1). Eighty- two fungi were isolated, predominantly Candida tropicalis (23.2%), Candida lipolytica (10.9%) and Rhodotorula sp (9.7%). Candida lipolytica was the highest (42.9%) contaminant in tap water. Rhodotorula sp was found in all types of water sources sampled. Type of water source had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the presence of some fungi in the water. The residential area (Location) had a significant effect on contamination of water sources by some yeasts. Water sources for domestic use in Jos are contaminated by yeasts and yeast-like fungi. Frequency of use, exposure of the facility to dirt, and contaminations of surroundings contribute to the occurrence of fungi in water sources and, by implication, the prevalence of fungal infections.
Highlights
There have been persistent problems of water scarcity in many parts of the study area, especially in residential settlements on the outskirts of towns and some parts of the metropolis
Few roundings contribute to the occurrence of gested that several fungal diseases have been studies have traced the presence of fungi in fungi in water sources and, by implication, the caused by drinking water contaminated by water to the immediate sources of contaminaprevalence of fungal infections
Candida tropicalis water sources were sampled from each location. statistical package for social sciences, SPSS, (23.2%) and Candida lipolytica (10.9%) were version 17.0
Summary
The water samples were obtained from 150 bution of etiological agents. There are physical in clean water in protected sheds.[4]. Pearson’s c2 test, Fisher’s exact the predominant isolates, occurring in wells, Collection and processing of water test and Spearman’s correlation test were used streams and tap water (Table 3) This was folsamples to determine significant associations. The highest number of contaminated water sources was recorded for wells with 51 (70.8%) of the 72 wells harboring fungi This was closely followed by streams with 22 (36.7%) contaminated (Table 1). The location with the highest number of contaminated water sources was AGO with 18 (60.0%) of the samples contaminated, followed by GBU and FGD with 56.7% each. Occurrence of the following fungi was significantly affected by the location of water source: Candida albicans (P=0.005), Candida kefyr (P=0.022), Candida parapsilosis (P=0.000), Candida tropicalis (0.000) and Geotrichum candidum (P=0.000).
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