Abstract
Quiescence exit swiftness is crucial not only for micro-organisms in competition for an environmental niche, such as yeast, but also for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis in multicellular species. Here we explore the effect of replicative and chronological age on Saccharomyces cerevisiae quiescence exit efficiency. Our study reveals that this step strongly relies on the cell volume in quiescence but is not influenced by cell replicative age, at least for cells that have undergone less than 10 divisions. Furthermore, we establish that chronological age strongly impinges on cell’s capacities to exit quiescence. This effect is not related to cell volume or due to cell’s inability to metabolize external glucose but rather seems to depend on intracellular trehalose concentration. Overall, our data illustrate that the quiescent state is a continuum evolving with time, early and deep quiescence being distinguishable by the cell’s proficiency to re-enter the proliferation cycle.
Highlights
Most cells spend the majority of their life in a non-dividing state
Quiescence efficiency, cell volume and replicative age To get an insight into the influence of cell replicative age on quiescence exit efficiency, wild type cells were grown in liquid YPDA medium at 30°C
After 7 days of culture, cells were stained with calcofluor white, a dye that reveals bud scars and allows to distinguish daughter cells from mother cells
Summary
Most cells spend the majority of their life in a non-dividing state. A non-dividing cell is considered as senescent when it is still metabolically active, but will never re-enter proliferation. We primarily measured the quiescence exit critical volume i.e. the median volume at which 7 days old daughter cells were emitting a bud after re-feeding on a YPD-containing microscope agarose pad, irrespectively of the time spent on the pad, and found 58 +/- 12 fL (Fig. S1A).
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