Yeast Extract and Silver Nitrate Induce the Expression of Phenylpropanoid Biosynthetic Genes and Induce the Accumulation of Rosmarinic Acid in Agastache rugosa Cell Culture.

Woo Park,Sun Yeo,Jin Jeon,Jong Park,Mariadhas Arasu,Sook Lee,Naif Al-Dhabi,Sang Park

doi:10.3390/molecules21040426

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the role of yeast extract and silver nitrate on the enhancement of phenylpropanoid pathway genes and accumulation of rosmarinic acid in Agastache rugosa cell cultures. The treatment of cell cultures with yeast extract (500 mg/L) and silver nitrate (30 mg/L) for varying times enhanced the expression of genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway and the production of rosmarinic acid. The results indicated that the expression of RAS and HPPR was proportional to the amount of yeast extract and silver nitrate. The transcript levels of HPPR under yeast extract treatment were 1.84-, 1.97-, and 2.86-fold higher than the control treatments after 3, 6, and 12 h, respectively, whereas PAL expression under silver nitrate treatment was 52.31-fold higher than in the non-treated controls after 24 h of elicitation. The concentration of rosmarinic acid was directly proportional to the concentration of the applied elicitors. Yeast extract supplementation documented the highest amount of rosmarinic acid at 4.98 mg/g, whereas silver nitrate addition resulted in a comparatively lower amount of rosmarinic acid at 0.65 mg/g. In conclusion, addition of yeast extract to the cell cultures enhanced the accumulation of rosmarinic acid, which was evidenced by the expression levels of the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway genes in A. rugosa.

Highlights

Production of useful metabolites such as alkaloids, flavanoids, phenolic compounds and other phytochemicals from in vitro plant cell cultures has attracted many pharmaceutical industries because of advances in technology for the bulk production of important novel metabolites [1,2]
Ten-day-old cell suspension cultures of A. rugosa were treated with various concentrations of yeast extract or silver nitrate and the changes in the expression levels of rosmarinic acid biosynthetic genes were investigated
The present study confirmed that the synthesis of rosmarinic acid in A. rugosa callus suspension cultures werestudy stimulated by a bioticofand abiotic elicitor at different

Summary

Introduction

Production of useful metabolites such as alkaloids, flavanoids, phenolic compounds and other phytochemicals from in vitro plant cell cultures has attracted many pharmaceutical industries because of advances in technology for the bulk production of important novel metabolites [1,2]. In vitro plant cell cultures, the use of biotic (yeast, bacteria, and fungi) and abiotic (jasmonic acid, arachidonic acid, methyl jasmonate, andof other chemicals) elicitors has been to stimulate the production to enhance the level secondary metabolites synthesized in reported plant cell cultures [3,4,5]. In vitro plant cell rate cultures, the use ofmetabolites biotic (yeast, bacteria, and fungi) and abiotic Rosmarinic acid produced by the stimulating the synthesis of important secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids [7], alkaloids [8], phenylpropanoid pathway in medicinal plants exhibits antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, terpenoids [9], and coumarin derivatives [10]. Rosmarinic acid produced by the phenylpropanoid antioxidant, andexhibits antiatherogenic [11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18]

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Discussion

Conclusion