Abstract
Yeast adaptation to stress has been extensively studied. It involves large reprogramming of genome expression operated by many, more or less specific, transcription factors. Here, we review our current knowledge on the function of the eight Yap transcription factors (Yap1 to Yap8) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which were shown to be involved in various stress responses. More precisely, Yap1 is activated under oxidative stress, Yap2/Cad1 under cadmium, Yap4/Cin5 and Yap6 under osmotic shock, Yap5 under iron overload and Yap8/Arr1 by arsenic compounds. Yap3 and Yap7 seem to be involved in hydroquinone and nitrosative stresses, respectively. The data presented in this article illustrate how much knowledge on the function of these Yap transcription factors is advanced. The evolution of the Yap family and its roles in various pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungal species is discussed in the last section.
Highlights
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used in research for more than one hundred years, and it is generally regarded as the most well understood eukaryotic organism in the stress response field
We review our current knowledge on the function of the eight Yeast Activator (AP1-like) Protein (Yap) transcription factors (Yap1 to Yap8) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which were shown to be involved in various stress responses
Data obtained in the last decade have shown that gene expression regulation under stress conditions does not involve a single transcription factor but cooperation between several such factors
Summary
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used in research for more than one hundred years, and it is generally regarded as the most well understood eukaryotic organism in the stress response field. This gene encodes a 45 kDa protein that binds YRE (Yap response elements) located in the promoters of its targets. Analysis of transcriptional profiles of cells stressed with high concentrations of cobalt revealed the induction of antioxidant genes in a Yap1 dependent way [51].
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