Abstract
Romania introduced in 2018 an amendment to the national law 220/2008 by including the Prosumer concept that allows investors in grid-connected photovoltaic systems with a capacity up to 27 kWp to receive a feed in tariff for the electricity delivered to the grid representing approximatively one third of the price paid when the electricity is consumed from the grid. Thus, the challenge is to use as much as possible the photovoltaic power when it is produced. A methodology is developed to evaluate how much of the electrical energy output of a grid-connected photovoltaic platform is used by a geothermal heat pump for space heating in a building. A numerical simulation is performed in Trnsys17 based on locally measured meteorological parameters over a period of one entire year. A case study is presented for which the characteristics of the building, of the heat pump system and of the photovoltaic system are described and integrated into the transient simulation environment. The numerical results are comparatively presented and discussed along with experimental data for sunny days in cold season. For the analysed case study, the self-consumption is 16%, significantly lower than the yearly coverage degree of 70%. Further research can be done to increase the self-consumption.
Highlights
The world total energy consumption is continuously growing as reported by International Energy Agency [1] with an average yearly rate of 1.5% over the period 2013–2018
The results demonstrated that the photovoltaic system alone can provide around 19% of the ground source heat pump electrical energy demand while with batteries this share can be enhanced by 53%
The results obtained through numerical simulation based on the methodology presented in Section 2 for the case study analysed in Section 3 are further presented
Summary
The world total energy consumption is continuously growing as reported by International Energy Agency [1] with an average yearly rate of 1.5% over the period 2013–2018. Photovoltaic systems are ones of the most promising technologies converting the solar energy into clean electrical energy. According to International Energy Agency [2] an exponential growth was registered in the installed capacity of photovoltaic systems with a yearly average increase of 32% in the period 2013–2018. The photovoltaic technology is nowadays successfully applied in a large range of applications, from small size installations (a few kWp) to very big ones (tens or hundreds of MWp). The levelized cost of photovoltaic electricity continuously declined, by 48% between 2014 and 2018, reaching a global weighted-average of 0.068 USD/kWh in 2019 [3]. Even lower values ranging between 0.03 and 0.045 EUR/kWh, and 0.05 and 0.075 EUR/kWh were reported for Spain and UK respectively in 2021 [4]
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