Abstract
Nowadays, obesity and its associated metabolic disorders, including diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, or cancer, continue to be a health epidemic in westernized societies, and there is an increased necessity to explore anti-obesity therapies including pharmaceutical and nutraceutical compounds. Considerable attention has been placed on the identification of bioactive compounds from natural sources to manage the metabolic stress associated with obesity. In a previous work, we have demonstrated that a CO2 supercritical fluid extract from yarrow (Yarrow SFE), downregulates the expression of the lipogenic master regulator SREBF1 and its downstream molecular targets FASN and SCD in a tumoral context. Since obesity and diabetes are strongly considered high-risk factors for cancer development, herein, we aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic role of Yarrow SFE in the metabolic stress induced after a high-fat diet in mice. For this purpose, 32 C57BL/6 mice were distributed in four groups according to their diets: standard diet (SD); SD supplemented with Yarrow SFE (SD + Yarrow); high-fat diet (HFD); and HFD supplemented with Yarrow SFE (HFD + Yarrow). Fasting glycemia, insulin levels, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid profile, gene expression, and lipid content of liver and adipose tissues were analyzed after three months of treatment. Results indicate improved fasting glucose levels in plasma, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and diminished hypercholesterolemia in the HFD + Yarrow group compared to the HFD group. Mechanistically, Yarrow SFE protects liver from steatosis after the HFD challenge by augmenting the adipose tissue buffering capacity of the circulating plasma glucose.
Highlights
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2016, more than 650 million people were estimated as obese
As Yarrow Supercritical Fluid Extract (SFE) diminishes the expression of SREBF1 in pancreatic cancer cells and in a xenograph mouse model [16], we wanted to analyze the impact of Yarrow SFE in C57/Bl6 mice under standard diet (SD) or high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity
It would have been interesting to determine the intrahepatic cholesterol levels, the improvement in the choline levels suggests a better performance of livers from the HFD + Yarrow group compared to the HFD group
Summary
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2016, more than 650 million people were estimated as obese. In the course of obesity, the increased lipid accumulation induces a systemic chronic inflammation that promotes an abnormal cellular response to insulin, leading to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this regard, the International Federation Atlas (2018) has estimated over 415 million people diagnosed with diabetes, with 90% of the cases being Type 2 diabetes (T2D) [3,4,5]. WHO has estimated that one-third of cancers could be prevented by modifying risk factors, such as augmenting physical activity and reducing the intake of saturated fatty acids or high-glucose-containing drinks
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