Yahudiler Siyonizm’i Hıristiyanlardan mı aldılar?

Abstract

Zionism, the main ideology of the State of Israel, emerged as an intellectual movement and social movement at the end of the 19th century. While this development is subjectively related to the conditions in the Christian world, it is objectively related to the internal dynamics of Judaism. The exclusion of Jews by Catholics and Orthodox has prevented them from integrating into society, nurtured national consciousness and pushed them to seek salvation. On the other hand, Protestants believed that it is necessary to establish a Jewish state in Palestine for the return of Jesus Christ to the earth and endeavored for this sake since the 17th century, These views and efforts, which were fermented among Christians for two centuries, found its expression among the Jews with the concept of Zionism. Considering this fact it can be thought that Zionism passed to the Jews from the Christians. However, although Zionism emerged theoretically and socially in the late date, its intellectual foundations are found in Jewish scriptures as well as its actual examples in Jewish history. The concept of the chosen people, the idea of the promised land and the constant emphasis in liturgy on returning to Jerusalem provide the theological basis for the Zionist goal of establishing a Jewish nation-state in Palestine. It is also undeniable that throughout history Jews made many efforts to establish a Jewish state in Palestine or to create such an opportunity. Experiences such as Jesus is the expected Messiah, the Bar Kokhba revolt, attempts to the Julian The Apostate and Princess Eudoxia, provoking the Persians against Byzantium, and following false Christ figures such as David Alroy and Sabbatai Zevi, the construction of a Jewish homeland in Tiberia at the initiative of Yasef Nasi can be given as examples. The appropriate ground in Europe created by the conditions in 19th century offered the Jews the opportunity to theorize this theoretical and practical legacy in the form of Zionism.