Abstract
Algae is a phototrophic organism and is the primary and main food source of organic matter. They can originate organic matter from inorganic substances such as, dry plants. In the process of photosynthesis, they release O2 and absorb CO2 and make it possible for the entire marine animal population. Macrophytobenthos plays a crutial role in the coastal ecosystem of the Caspian Sea. Macrophytes and seaweed provide a sustainable flow of organic matter to heterotrophic organisms and create a plant biotope for invertebrates and phytophilic fish. The dynamics of aquatic vegetation mainly determines changes in benthic communities, their distribution and resources. The level of the Caspian Sea and its salinity determine the distribution of aquatic plants, phytobenthos and of course fluctuations and changes in the level of the Caspian Sea play an important role in the dynamics of aquatic vegetation. Key words: Caspian Sea, macrophytes, flora, ecosystem, macrophytobentos
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