β-Xyloside effects on basal lamina structure and anionic site distribution in the embryonic mouse submandibular salivary gland

Abstract

β- d-Xyloside is a proteoglycan biosynthesis inhibitor. Previous studies on embryonic salivary glands have demonstrated that 0.5 mM β-xyloside (1) inhibits proteoglycan synthesis by 50%; (2) severely depresses sulphated glycosaminoglycan deposition at the basal epithelial surface, and (3) dramatically inhibits epithelial branching morphogenesis. Electron microscopy revealed a conventional three-layered basal lamina that is altered in the presence of β-xyloside by a 35% reduction in the number of tannic acid-resolved particles in the lamina densa. Basal lamina anionic sites, resolved with ruthenium red (RR) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) cationic probes, were also reduced in the presence of β-xyloside. PEI particles were reduced by 28%, and RR particles by 24%, per two-dimensional unit of basal lamina. These β-xyloside effects on anionic sites are consistent with an hypothesis that sulphated glycosaminoglycans account for 50% of the basal lamina anionic sites and a predicted 25% decrease in anionic sites in the presence of β-xyloside.