Abstract
Xylopsora canopeorum Timdal, Reese Næsborg & Bendiksby is described as a new species occupying the crowns of large Sequoia sempervirens trees in California, USA. The new species is supported by morphology, anatomy, secondary chemistry and DNA sequence data. While similar in external appearance to X. friesii, it is distinguished by forming smaller, partly coralloid squamules, by the occurrence of soralia and, in some specimens, by the presence of thamnolic acid in addition to friesiic acid in the thallus. Molecular phylogenetic results are based on nuclear (ITS and LSU) as well as mitochondrial (SSU) ribosomal DNA sequence alignments. Phylogenetic hypotheses obtained using Bayesian Inference, Maximum Likelihood and Maximum Parsimony all support X. canopeorum as a distinct evolutionary lineage belonging to the X. caradocensis–X. friesii clade.
Highlights
The squamulose lichen genus Xylopsora Bendiksby & Timdal consists of two species, X. caradocensis (Nyl.) Bendiksby & Timdal and X. friesii (Ach.) Bendiksby & Timdal
Fulgidea and Xylopsora are morphologically, anatomically and ecologically very similar and differ mainly in secondary chemistry; alectorialic acid and thamnolic acid occur in the former, friesiic acid (= “friesii unknown”) in the latter (Timdal 2001, 2002)
All species of Fulgidea and Xylopsora grow on bark and wood and, with the exception of X. caradocensis, show preference for burnt stumps and trunks of conifers
Summary
The squamulose lichen genus Xylopsora Bendiksby & Timdal consists of two species, X. caradocensis (Nyl.) Bendiksby & Timdal and X. friesii (Ach.) Bendiksby & Timdal. Choisy and referred to as the H. friesii group (Timdal 1984, 2001) until Bendiksby and Timdal (2013) showed that Hypocenomyce was highly polyphyletic. Xylopsora is the phylogenetic sister of the clade consisting of the two foliose genera Lasallia Mérat and Umbilicaria Hoffm. Those three genera make up the sister clade of the genus Fulgidea Bendiksby & Timdal, another Hypocenomyce segregate. All species of Fulgidea and Xylopsora grow on bark and wood and, with the exception of X. caradocensis, show preference for burnt stumps and trunks of conifers
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