Xylooligosaccharides Increase Bifidobacteria and Lachnospiraceae in Mice on a High-Fat Diet, with a Concomitant Increase in Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Especially Butyric Acid.

Karin Berger,Stephen Burleigh,Frida Hållenius,Maria Lindahl,Prachiti Patil,Eva Nordberg Karlsson,Henrik Stålbrand,Abhishek Bhattacharya,Margareta Nyman,Patrick Adlercreutz

doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06279

Karin Berger, Stephen Burleigh + Show 8 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06279

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Journal: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry	Publication Date: Mar 16, 2021
Citations: 51	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Lund University

Abstract

Effects of xylooligosaccharides (XOSs) as well as a mixture of XOS, inulin, oligofructose, and partially hydrolyzed guar gum (MIX) in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) were studied. Control groups were fed an HFD or a low-fat diet. Special attention was paid to the cecal composition of the gut microbiota and formation of short-chain fatty acids, but metabolic parameters were also documented. The XOS group had significantly higher cecum levels of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids than the HFD group, and the butyric acid content was higher in the XOS than in the MIX group. The cecum microbiota of the XOS group contained more Bifidobacteria, Lachnospiraceae, and S24-7 bacteria than the HFD group. A tendency of lower body weight gain was observed on comparing the XOS and HFD groups. In conclusion, the XOS was shown to be a promising prebiotic candidate. The fiber diversity in the MIX diet did not provide any advantages compared to the XOS diet.

Highlights

There is increasing evidence that the gut microbiota influences the health of animals and humans to a large extent
Body weight gain was significantly lower in the low-fat diet (LFD) group compared to the high-fat diet (HFD) control group from the second week to the end of the study
Body fat content, measured as fat tissue, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan and weight of epididymal fat pads, showed significantly lower fat content in mice fed an LFD, while all HFD-fed groups were equal in adiposity

Summary

Introduction

There is increasing evidence that the gut microbiota influences the health of animals and humans to a large extent. Fructose-based prebiotics are quite well established, with long-chain inulin and shorter fructo-oligosaccharides as main representatives. Galacto-oligosaccharides, often produced from lactose, are widely used as prebiotics in foods, such as dairy products. Guar gum has often been associated with beneficial metabolic effects such as decreasing serum blood lipids and lower postprandial blood glucose levels after a meal, which often has been attributed to its viscous properties. Another mechanism would be that guar gum is highly degraded by the colon microbiota, giving rise to high amounts of especially propionic acid.[4,5]

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