Xylem cavitation and loss of hydraulic conductance in western hemlock following planting.

Abstract

Following planting, western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) seedlings experience water stress and declining xylem pressure potential (Psi(x)). Low Psi(x) can result in xylem cavitation and embolism formation, causing a decline in hydraulic conductance. This study focused on the relationship between Psi(x), xylem cavitation and transpiration (E) of newly planted seedlings. Leaf specific hydraulic conductance (k(AB)) declined from 0.56 to 0.09 mmol m(-2) s(-1) MPa(-1) over a 9-day period. Stomatal conductance (g(s)) declined from 143.5 to 39.15 mmol m(-2) s(-1) over the same period without an associated change in environmental conditions. A vulnerability profile indicated a 30% loss in hydraulic conductivity when seedlings experienced a Psi(x) between -2.5 and -3.0 MPa. A Psi(x) of -4.0 MPa led to a complete loss of conductivity. We conclude that following planting, western hemlock seedlings often experience Psi(x) values that are low enough to cause xylem cavitation and a decline in k(AB).