Abstract
Recently found anomalous Hall, Nernst, magnetooptical Kerr, and spin Hall effects in the antiferromagnets Mn3X (X = Sn, Ge) are attracting much attention for spintronics and energy harvesting. Since these materials are antiferromagnets, the origin of these functionalities is expected to be different from that of conventional ferromagnets. Here, we report the observation of ferroic order of magnetic octupole in Mn3Sn by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism, which is only predicted theoretically so far. The observed signals are clearly decoupled with the behaviors of uniform magnetization, indicating that the present X-ray magnetic circular dichroism is not arising from the conventional magnetization. We have found that the appearance of this anomalous signal coincides with the time reversal symmetry broken cluster magnetic octupole order. Our study demonstrates that the exotic material functionalities are closely related to the multipole order, which can produce unconventional cross correlation functionalities.
Highlights
Found anomalous Hall, Nernst, magnetooptical Kerr, and spin Hall effects in the antiferromagnets Mn3X (X = Sn, Ge) are attracting much attention for spintronics and energy harvesting
In the soft X-ray region, the photon energies correspond to the absorption edges from 2p to 3d states (L2, 3 edges) for 3d transition metal elements, and the energyresolved spectroscopy is an efficient probe for microscopic properties of spin-split density of states (DOSs), such as elementspecified magnetization, separation of spin and orbital magnetic moments
This technique is established as X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), and is mainly applied to investigate electronic states in ferromagnetic materials so far[1,2,3]
Summary
For θB = 15° (θin = 25°), as shown in the inset, the spectral shape and intensity are essentially independent of the field strength, and a clear XMCD signal similar to that for B = 1 T is still observed even for B = 0 T, i.e., the remnant component. To investigate the origin of this anomalous (opposite sign, field-independent, and lower energy peak) XMCD signal, we have measured θin dependence (θB is changed together) of peak intensity at the L3 edge (red arrow).
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